EIF-2 kinase

eIF-2 is a kinase enzyme that phosphorylates eIF-2.^[2]

There are four forms in mammals:

EIF2AK1: heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI)
EIF2AK2: the double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (PKR)
EIF2AK3: PEK/PERK
EIF2AK4: GCN2

These are all responsible for the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF-2 at serine 51, one of the best-characterized mechanisms for down-regulating protein synthesis in eukaryotes in response to various cellular stress response's.

References

^ Nika J, Rippel S, Hannig EM (January 2001). "Biochemical analysis of the eIF2beta gamma complex reveals a structural function for eIF2alpha in catalyzed nucleotide exchange". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2): 1051–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007398200. PMID 11042214.
^ MeSH eIF-2+Kinase

Kinases: Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11-12)

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)	LATS1, LATS2, MAST1, MAST2, STK38, STK38L, CIT, ROCK1, SGK, SGK2, SGK3, Protein kinase B (AKT1, AKT2, AKT3), Ataxia telangiectasia mutated, Mammalian target of rapamycin, EIF-2 kinases (PKR, HRI, EIF2AK3, EIF2AK4), Wee1 (WEE1)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (EC 2.7.11.2)	PDK1, PDK2, PDK3

Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3)	AMP-activated protein kinase α (PRKAA1, PRKAA2) · β (PRKAB1, PRKAB2) · γ (PRKAG1, PRKAG2, PRKAG3)

(3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)) (EC 2.7.11.4)	BCKDK, BCKDHA, BCKDHB

(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase (EC 2.7.11.5)	IDH2, IDH3A, IDH3B, IDH3G

(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.6)	STK4

Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7)	Aurora kinase (Aurora A kinase, Aurora B kinase)

Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.8)	FASTK, STK10

Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.9)	-

IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10)	CHUK, IKK2, TBK1, IKBKE, IKBKG, IKBKAP

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11)	Protein kinase A, PRKACG, PRKACB, PRKACA, PRKY

cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12)	Protein kinase G, PRKG1

Protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)	Protein kinase C, Protein kinase Cζ, PKC alpha, PRKCB1, PRKCD, PRKCE, PRKCH, PRKCG, PRKCI, PRKCQ, Protein kinase N1, PKN2, PKN3,

Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14)	Rhodopsin kinase

Beta adrenergic receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.15)	Beta adrenergic receptor kinase, Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2

G-protein coupled receptor kinases (EC 2.7.11.16)	GRK4, GRK5, GRK6

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (EC 2.7.11.17)	BRSK2, CAMK1, CAMK2A, CAMK2B, CAMK2D, CAMK2G, CAMK4, MLCK, CASK, CHEK1, CHEK2, DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, STK11, MAPKAPK2, MAPKAPK3, MAPKAPK5, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4, MELK, MKNK1, MKNK2, NUAK1, NUAK2, OBSCN, PASK, PHKG1, PHKG2, PIM1, PIM2, PKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, PSKH1, SNF1LK2, KIAA0999, STK40, SNF1LK, SNRK, SPEG, TSSK2, Kalirin, TRIB1, TRIB2, TRIB3, TRIO, Titin, DCLK1

Myosin light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18)	MYLK, MYLK2, MYLK3, MYLK4

Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.11.19)	PHKA1, PHKA2, PHKB, PHKG1, PHKG2

Elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20)	EEF2K, STK19

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1, PLK2, PLK3, PLK4

Cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22)	CDK1, CDK2, CDKL2, CDK3, CDK4, CDK5, CDKL5, CDK6, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9, CDK10, CDC2L5, CRKRS, PCTK1, PCTK2, PCTK3, PFTK1, CDC2L1

(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23)	RPS6KA5, RPS6KA4, P70S6 kinase, P70-S6 Kinase 1, RPS6KB2, RPS6KA2, RPS6KA3, RPS6KA1, RPS6KC1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24)	Extracellular signal-regulated (MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK4, MAPK6, MAPK7, MAPK12, MAPK15), C-Jun N-terminal (MAPK8, MAPK9, MAPK10), P38 mitogen-activated protein (MAPK11, MAPK13, MAPK14)

MAP3K (EC 2.7.11.25)	MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAP3K1, MAP3K2, MAP3K3, MAP3K4, MAP3K5, MAP3K6, MAP3K7, MAP3K8) RAFs (ARAF, BRAF, KSR1, KSR2), MLKs (MAP3K12, MAP3K13, MAP3K9, MAP3K10, MAP3K11, MAP3K7, ZAK), CDC7, MAP3K14

Tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26)	TPK1, TTK, GSK-3

(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27)	-

Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28)	-

Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29)	-

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30)	Bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2), ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C, ACVR2A, ACVR2B, ACVRL1, Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor

Dual-specificity kinases (EC 2.7.12)

MAP2K	MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAP2K3, MAP2K4, MAP2K5, MAP2K6, MAP2K7

B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6

Protein biosynthesis: translation (prokaryotic, eukaryotic)

Ribosomal proteins

Initiation factor

Prokaryotic	PIF-1 · PIF-2 · PIF-3

Archaeal	aIF1 · aIF2 · aIF5 · aIF6

Eukaryotic	eIF1 (EIF1AX, AY, 1B) eIF2 (EIF2S1, EIF2S2, EIF2S3) · EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, EIF2B5 · EIF-2 kinase eIF3 (EIF3A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, M, S6) eIF4 (EIF4A2, A3, B, E1, E2, G1, G2, G3, H) eIF5 (EIF5A, A2, B) eIF6 (EIF6)

Elongation factor

Prokaryotic	EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G

Archaeal	aEF-1, aEF-2

Eukaryotic	EEF-1 (EEF1A1, EEF1A2, EEF1A3, EEF1B1, EEF1B2, EEF1B3, EEF1B4, EEF1D, EEF1E1, EEF1G) · EEF2

Release factor

Prokaryotic · Archaeal · Eukaryotic (ETF1)

Other

RPS1 · RPS2 · RPS3 · RPS4 · RPS5 · RPS6 · RPS7 · RPS8 · RPS9 · RPS10 · RPS11 · RPS12 · RPS13 · RPS14 · RPS15 · RPS16 · RPS17 · RPS18 · RPS19 · RPS20 · RPS21 · RPS22 · RPS23 · RPS24 · RPS25 · RPS26 · RPS27 · RPS28 · RPS29

Other concepts

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase · Reading frame · Start codon · Stop codon · Shine-Dalgarno sequence/Kozak consensus sequence

see also disorders of translation and posttranslational modification
B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)